Clip and studding for fireproof constructions.



J. F. MAKOWSKI.

CLIP AND STUDDING FOR FIEEPROOF GONSTRUGTIONS. APPLICATION FILED ABBA,1910.

Patented Nov. 8, 1910.

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J. P. MAKOWSKI.

CLIP AND STUDDING' FOR FIREPROOP UONSTRUGTIONS. APPLICATION FILED 3.4,1910.

975,368. Patented N0v.8, 1910.

aWmowjz' I Q I 3 f%% v or n a i JOHN F. MAKOWSKI, OF SAN FRANCISCO,CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOB. TO THE PERFEC- TION STEEL STUDDING (20., OF SANFRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIA.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 8, 1910.

Application filed April 4, 1910. Serial No. 553,167.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J OHN F. MAKowsKI, a citizen of the United States,residing in the city and county of San Francisco and State ofCalifornia, have invented new and useful Improvements in Clips andStudding for Fireproof Constructions, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to building constructions, and pertainsespecially to a clip and studding for fireproof partitions, walls, andceiling structures.

The manifold'objects and advantages of the invention will be apparenthereinafter.

The invention consists of the parts and the construction and combinationof parts as hereinafter more fully described and claimed, havingreference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a detailview of the interior of a room. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a clip.Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view showing the studding and plaster.Fig. l is a perspective view of a nailing block. Fig. 5 is a detailperspective view of a lower clip. Fig. 6 is a detail view of anangle-bar. Fig. 7 is a detail view of an angle-bar with the end closed.Fig. 8 is a detail view of the angle-bars telescoped. Fig. 9 is aperspective view of the wall furring bracket. Fig. 10 is a detailperspective of a ceiling hanger.

In adapting the invention for fireproof partitions, I construct a studconsisting of a pair of angle-bars or angle-strips A suitably connectedby the clips 2. In conjunction with this stud I may or may not employnailing-blocks 3. The angle-bars A may be of any suitable size, length,and weight of material, but the manner of their disposition isimportant. In practice these angle-bars are rolled from comparativelylight sheetmetal strips approximately one inch in width andone-sixteenth of an inch in thickness. If heavier or more powerfulstuds, or lighter studs, are required, then a different size and weightof angle-bar may be employed accordingly.

The angle-bars A are preferably placed with the apexes of the anglesfacing or adjacent to each other, and with the flared openings of theangles pointing outward, so that the edges of the angle-bars stand inapproximately parallel planes and exposed to the lathing 4, to whichedges the lathing is tied by suitable means. The angles are separatedand maintained rigid and parallel by the clips, and the distance betweenthe angles varies according to the width of the partition; the width ofthis space being determined by the length of the clips 2. These clipsare of very simple construction, being cut from strips of metal ofsuitable lengths and slotted lengthwise at each end, as shown at 5, Fig.2, to provide at each end of a clip a set of coacting bendable prongs6-7 the prongs 7 being disposed between the prongs 6. These prongs areadapted to be bent in opposite directions to include V -shaped spacesinto which the angle-bars A are placed, and then the ends of the prongsare clenched over the edges of the angle-bars. Preferably one of thecentral prongs 7 is bent to one side of the plane of the body of theclip 2, and the other central prong 7 bent to the other side of theplane of the clip 2. correspondingly the prongs 6 are bent in oppositedirections before they are clenched over the angle-bars, so that whenthe bars and clips are assembled, one anglebar A will be supported onone side by a pair of upper and lower prongs 6, while the otherangle-bar will be supported on the opposite side by a like pair of upperand lower prongs 6; the several prongs 6 acting in opposition tocorresponding intermediate prongs 7 This alternate arrangement of theprongs on a clip gives rigidity to the finished stud. The number ofclips used to connect a pair of angle-bars in making a complete studwill depend on the length of stud to be constructed. IVhen assembled,the anglebars stand back to back and with the central body portion ofthe clips 2 disposed in a plane which approximately bisects both angles.In conjunction with these clips and angle-bars I employ a special formof nailing-block 8 which practice shows to have many advantages. Eachnailing-block has a length on one side of the stud equal to the width ofthe stud measured from the outer lips of the two V-ohannels A, betweenthe lath H, Fig. 3, and has a tongue 3 to fit sidewise in between thechannels; the connecting walls at the base of the tongue being flared,as at 3 to lit the taper of that side of the two angles A. To hold ablock in place, it is transversely grooved on top or bottom, or both,'asshown at 8, so as to allow the block to be pushed down over the thinedge of a clip 2 or to allow a clip to be driven down into one of thesegrooves. These blocks are slipped in between the angle-bars while makingthe studs, and are prevented from coming off by means of the clipsengaging in the grooves 8. The blocks may be put anywhere in the lengthof a stud.

The advantages of a studding construction of this sort are many. Byusing a V-shaped channel-bar, as here shown, and pointing l i thechannels in opposite directions, with the clips at the apexes of thechannel-bars, the wire lathing when laid against the sides of the studsbridges the opening in the angles, and when the mortar is applied tothelathing the mortar can enter the channels of the uprights to form aperfect bond. Heretofore in metal partitions the vertical members of thestuds have generally been made of comparatively heavy, expensivechanneliron, and with these channel-irons placed with their flat surfaceto the wire lathing. The result was that the bond. of the plaster ing insuch places is broken in vertical lines, and itis usually along theselines where the studs come, that the plastering cracks. In myconstruction of angle-bar studs, the plaster can pass into theV-channels and fasten on to the back of the wire lathing where the studcomes, just as it does between the studs. Also by placing the angle-barsback to back, as here shown, the span of lath is reduced, affordinggreater stiffness to the lath. Also, by my construction of V-shapedchannel-bars disposed back to back and separated from one another, theinterior space in a 2 in. stud is increased approximately of an inch.Usually in a 2-1- in. stud where ordinary inch channels are used andplaced so that the channels are at right angles to the connecting clip,the space between the channels is only one inch, which often isinsufficient for the running of pipes, wires, etc., in the building.Furthermore, by my improved V-channel I construct the studding ofone-half the weight of ordinary channel studding, thereby decreasing thecost, besides rendering the studding lighter and easier to handle andmuch more rigid. The rigidity given to my studding enables it to resistlateral pressure thrown against the partition. Heretofore the difficultyhas been to get a studding which would not twist when subjected tolateral thrusts or strains. My studs are rigid and straight under allordinary conditions of handling, and do not bend. With ordinary channelstuds, the studs, being heavy, will bend considerably when lifted andset upright, especially with high ceilings, and such studs have to bebraced to keep them upright and parallel, and prevent their buckling orbend-' ing while the lathing is put on. With my light, stifl' angle-ironbars formed in the manner here shown, they, need no such bracing, andthey are stiff and rigid like a truss structure. Furthermore, thereis noneed of splicing sleeves where two pieces of studding are put together,because my anglebars will telescope and interlock with each other, asrepresented at 9, Fig. 8. Also, this type of angle-bar stud permits thepassing of the upper end of the stud through the ceiling withoutslitting the lath; a simple blow by a hammer on the end of the twoangle-bars of the stud pinching the ends together to form a knife-likewedge, as represented at 10, which can be easily thrust up through theceiling lath and support the upper end of the stud when erectingpartitions. In order to support the studs in alinement along the floorin erecting partitions, the bottommost clip may be notched on its underside, as represented at 11, so as to straddle a channel-bar l2 nailed tothe floor.

The nailing-blocks 3 of this invention are important features, sincethese blocks can be put 011 in the factory and the complete assembledstud with blocks in position sent out to the building wherein thepartition is to be erected. Having the blocks already in place on .astud prevents the stud being jarred or shaken out of alinement, asfrequently occurs with the common type of studs in which the blocks haveto be nailed on after the studs are erected. In this case there is nonailing necessary after the studs are set up. The blocks may be of anylength and shifted to any position so as to adapt them to picture-molds,baseboards, and the like. The faces of the blocks are substantiallyflush with the mouths of the channels and with the lathing theretoattached, and as they project on each side of the plane of a stud theygive a good offset to the stud where nailed to bucks for doors or friezelights; the offset of half an inch or more, represented at 13,facilitates the lathing and the tying of the lath to the stud where itcomes close to the bucks. In actual construction this is a veryimportant feature.

In Fig. 9, I have shown the invention adapted for wall furring, in whicha bracket 2 developed from the clip 2 is made to support an angle-bar Aat one end, while the other end of the clip is slitted and spread out toform legs 6 which are nailed or otherwise secured to the wall or othersuitable support. The ofi set of the furring supporting bar A from thewall is regulated by the length of the bracket 2. Nailing-blocks may beplaced in behind the bar A and permanently held in place when thebrackets 2 are nailed to the wall.

For runner-bars or furring supports in the ceiling, I may employ thesame anglebar A gripped by the oppositely bent prongs of a hanger 2, theopposite end of the hanger being slitted, so as to embrace an I- beam orother overhead support 14. The disposition of the wall furring-bars Aand of the ceiling runner-bars A with the open ing of the angle outward,afiords the same substantial support to the lathing and insures a goodbond of the mortar, just as first described in connection with thepartition construction.

In all of these cases of partition, wall or ceiling construction using abar with V- shaped channels the mouth of the channel Y is exposed to andthe edges of it support the lathing, so that the mortar, when applied tothe lath, may pass in behind the latter and into the channel groove andbecome firmly anchored, so that there is a uinform key of plaster overthe entire area.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Pat ent is- 1. In building constructions, the combination with asuitable metal lath, of a support therefor, said support including achannelbar with the mouth of the channel exposed to the lathing andsupporting it, a supporting clip having oppositely bent prongs embracingthe edges of the mouth of the channel, and a nailing-block fitting inbehind the latter and held in place by a clip, and the face of saidblock flush with the lathing.

2. In building construction, a pair of channel-bars placed back to backand spaced from one another, a connecting clip having oppositely bentprongs embracing the edges witnesses.

of the channel-bars, and nailing-blocks inserted in between the clipsand channel-bars, said nailing-blocks having their faces flush with themouth edges of the channels.

3. In building construction, a V-shaped channel-bar, a supporting cliptherefor, the clip having prongs bent to embrace the edges of thechannel-bar, said clip lying in the plane of bi-section of the channel,and a nailing-block having a reduced end fitting in behind and supportedagainst said channel-bar.

4. In building construction, a pair ofcV- shaped channel-bars placedback to back and separated from one another, connecting clips therefor,said clips lying in the plane of bisection of the channels, andnailing-blocks with reduced ends fitting in behind said channel-bars.

5. The combination with a pair of V- shaped channels placed back to backand separated from one another, of clips standing in the plane ofbisection of the channels, each of said clips having oppositelyextending prongs at its ends embracing the lips of the channel-bars, andnailing-blocks with reduced ends fitting between the angle-bars, andsaid blocks disposed between the angle-bars and held in place thereby bythe clips fitting grooves in the blocks.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twosubscribing JOHN F. MAKOWSKI.

Witnesses:

CHARLES A. PENFIELD, PERCY R. STUART.

